Heuristic methods for the analysis of managerial problems

Problem analysis is a critical element of managerial problem solving that has not been included in or explicated by traditional stage models of the process. This paper argues that an analysis stage is needed to develop the implications of a problem's definition and to direct the selection and pursuit of solution strategies. Problem analysis is a beuristic activity. The paper explains and applies seven heuristic methods of analysis to a classic management case, generating a richer understanding and broader set of solution alternatives. Strategies for future research on problem analysis are discussed.     

A Spatio-Temporal Model for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data – with a View to Resting State Networks

Abstract.  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique for studying the active human brain. During the fMRI experiment, a sequence of MR images is obtained, where the brain is represented as a set of voxels. The data obtained are a realization of a complex spatio-temporal process with many sources of variation, both biological and technical. We present a spatio-temporal point process model approach for fMRI data where the temporal and spatial activation are modelled simultaneously. It is possible to analyse other characteristics of the data than just the locations of active brain regions, such as the interaction between the active regions. We discuss both classical statistical inference and Bayesian inference in the model. We analyse simulated data without repeated stimuli both for location of the activated regions and for interactions between the activated regions. An example of analysis of fMRI data, using this approach, is presented.     

经济学实证分析的统计特征

从实证分析角度，探讨作为一门基本方法论学科的统计学对经济学的影响和渗透。论述了经济实证分析的若干领域，运用统计分析技术的内涵和特征；表明了在社会经济复杂现象的各个方面，统计分析手段大有用武之地并将显示极强的生命力。     

一种基于冗余小波变换的DT网格运动估计和运动补偿方法

网格划分和网格顶点的运动估计是基于不规则网格的视频压缩技术的关键。为了进一步提高网格运动估计和运动补偿的效果,在综合比较现有冗余小波变换域运动估计方法和适用规则网格的EMRMC算法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于不规则网格的运动估计和运动补偿算法,即在冗余小波变换域提取特征点和运动潜在区,网格顶点的运动估计采用结合运动潜在区的在时域进行块匹配的运动估计和运动补偿方法,而运动补偿则通过三角形仿射变换完成。同时还给出了冗余小波变换域提取运动潜在区的计算模板。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法在补偿效果方面较前两种方法得到了改进。     

中国房地产价格泡沫形成因素分析

房地产本身的特征决定了房地产属于“泡沫易生行业”。马克思的地租理论是房地产价格形成的基础。导致我国房地产价格泡沫形成的诱因表现为:经济增长、城市化、政策支持等促使房地产市场价格上涨预期增强;居民收入增长、房地产私有化观念加强以及中低收入者住房供给短缺刺激了房价上涨;资本市场不发达导致投资和投机需求增强;监管不严导致对囤地捂盘和过度放贷行为惩罚不力;按揭贷款等金融制度助长了房地产价格的升高;土地价格市场化提升了房地产市场成本;利益集团阻止了房地产价格的下调。     

新工科下工程训练发展脉络、内涵与路径的可视化分析

以1998—2020年中国知网收录的1234篇"工程训练"或"工程实训"为关键词的论文为研究对象，通过文献计量分析与知识图谱的方法对我国工程训练的研究脉络、内涵与发展趋势进行了梳理，并绘制出演化路径图。研究发现：我国工程训练研究的成果呈稳步增长趋势，研究的开展广泛和积极，其内涵也愈发丰富与多元，同时也存在学术力量比较薄弱，尚未形成优势互补、资源共享的集群效应等不足。未来应加强与"四新"建设、"大工程观""大文科观"等多学科及新时代育人元素的融合发展；构建"多层次+多学科+创新实践"教学体系，因材施教，尤其是通识教育的下沉式普及；结合虚拟教研室等技术，积极搭建青年教师学习、成长成才的交流平台，形成一定的研究力量梯队。     

重庆轻轨二号线运营不安全因素分析及对策

城市轨道交通近年来在我国得到了快速发展,其运营安全对城市的经济活动和市民的日常生活有举足轻重的影响。介绍重庆轻轨二号线的基本情况,从安全运营的角度分析运营中存在的问题,并据此提出相应的解决对策。     

What are friends for? Elective communities of single people

The paper presents the results of a qualitative research on friendship networks of single people. The research has been undertaken using social network analysis tools (egonetworks) and qualitative interviews, on a non-representative sample of 23 heterosexual singles of Milan, aged between 25 and 35 years, 12 male and 11 female.     

基于成员合作的组织有效性建模分析

从组织成员合作出发,通过建立博弈模型研究成员目标优化问题,建立线性规划模型研究组织目标优化问题,并把个人目标优化条件下成员投入的人力资源作为组织目标优化的资源约束,以此建立博弈分析和线性规划的联系,使个人目标优化和组织目标优化结合起来,并在此基础上形成基于成员合作的组织有效性分析模型。     

Survival Convergence and the Preceding Mortality Crossover for Two Population Subgroups

In this paper, we present and develop the argument that if the survival functions for two population subgroups converge in later life, a mortality crossover must precede the occurrence of this convergence. Specifically, two survival curves, S ₁(x) and S ₂(x), associated with two distinct population subgroups, G₁ and G₂, tend to converge before all members die out, as often observed and anticipated. This convergence leads to an increased mortality acceleration for the “advantaged” group, and eventually fosters the occurrence of a mortality crossover. We present a mathematical proof for this relationship and offer several explanations for the mechanisms involved in the process of survival convergence and the preceding mortality crossover. This new presentation demonstrates that mortality crossover is a highly observable demographic event given the trend of survival convergence in later life.